Influenza

**Virus name (1)** Orthomyxovirus  is the scientific name of the virus that causes Influenza.
 * INFLUENZA**

**Pictures of Symptoms** **Fever** (10) http://www.doctortipster.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/chillow_kid_fever.jpg

**Muscle Pain** (11) http://robinbhattacharyya.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/muscle-pain.jpg

**Coughing, Sneezing, Sore Throat** (12) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Pharyngitis.jpg/230px-Pharyngitis.jpg

**Headache** (13) http://www.all2need.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Headache-Treatment.jpg

**SEM picture** (3)

http://micro-scopic.tumblr.com/post/6981240708/sem-of-influenza

(4)

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/249227/enlarge

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(5)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.imr.gov.my/org/electron.htm

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Influenza Virus Diagram** (9) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/flucdc1.jpg

**<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mode of infection/transmission (8) ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influenza is transmitted through humans by other humans in three ways:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influenza can be transmitted by direct contact with someone who is sick with the virus. To prevent yourself from getting infected you should not be around the people that are sick, but if you do come into contact you should was your hands with soap and water or alcohol based cleaners.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influenza can also be transmitted by coming into contact with something an infected person touched. This can include any furniture, doorknobs, sinks etc.. you should wash your hands after coming into contact with something an infected person contaminated.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The last mode of transmission is airborne and the virus is contacted through respiration. if you are sick you should cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and turn away from other people to avoid the spread of the virus. once inhaled the virus can do its job and replicate inside your body. if one person has influenza on a plane, they can easily contaminate and spread the virus easily because it is contagious.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Replication method (2)** Influenza is a virus in which goes through the lytic cycle. The lytic cycle consists of 5 stages. In the first stage, the virus attaches to a cell and injects its DNA. In the second stage, the viral DNA circularizes. In the third stage, the viral DNA continues the lytic cycle, but can also enter into the lysogenic cycle. In the fourth stage, new viruses begin to be made. Finally, in the fifth stage, the cell lyses, in other words, releases the viruses. The influenza virus, orthomyxovirus, goes through all of these processes except for one, and that is stage 5. When orthomyxovirus is going through the lytic cycle, newly made virus particles ‘bud’ off from the surface surrounded with a portion of the plasma membrane envelope. (2)

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<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Symptoms (7)** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many common symptoms of influenza include:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Severe body aches and muscle pain most commonly in the back, arms, and legs.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Headache.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pain when moving the eyes.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">General fatigue, a feeling of sickness, discomfort or uneasiness, and loss of appetite.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">High fever of 100 to 104 degrees F. The higher the fever, the more severe and uncomfortable the symptoms become. fever can come and go and higher fever in children and young adults.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dry cough, runny nose, and dry or sore throat. these symptoms may not be noticeable when other symptoms are severe.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bacterial infections.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common cold symptoms.

**Treatments (1)** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are many ways to treat influenza. The main treatment is by:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The use of inhibitors. Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are “active against both influenza A and influenza B and can reduce the duration of uncomplicated influenza by approximately 1 day in about 70-90% of adults if taken within two days of the onset of illness.” Even though, because influenza is a quickly mutating and fast reproducing type of virus, resistance towards these inhibitors is often shown.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If influenza isn't very severe, it can easily be treated at home. Some of the best home treatment methods would include:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rest.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Drinking adequate amounts of liquid.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Using anti-febrile agents, such as advil.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Vaccine (6)** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influenza vaccine is something that we get every year. It is the common flu. There are two ways to get the vaccine for your body. One way is to get it by injection, also known as a flu shot. Another way to get the vaccine is by nasal sprays. The influenza virus becomes adaptive to older vaccines and that causes the vaccine to change. This is why you need to get a new flu shot, also called a 'boost', every year of so.

**Works Cited** // (1) Margaret Hunt. (2010, October). //Virology- chapter thirteen influenza virus (orthomyxovirus)//. Retrieved from http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/flu.htm//

(2) Dr.Wormington. (2001, October 24). //Faculty of the university of virginia//. Retrieved from http://faculty.virginia.edu/bio201/oldlectures/Lecture21.pdf

(3)Tumbler //. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://micro-scopic.tumblr.com/post/6981240708/sem-of-influenza //

//(4)// Coloured sem of influenza //. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/249227/enlarge //

// (5) // Medical research resource center //. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.imr.gov.my/org/electron.htm //

// (6) Stöppler, M., Marks, J., & Shiel, W. (n.d.). // Medicinenet.com //. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/flu_vaccination/article.htm //

// (7) //Web md//. (2010, August 04). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/tc/influenza-symptoms//

//(8)// //Racaniello, V. (2009, April 29).// Virology blog//. Retrieved from http://www.virology.ws/2009/04/29/influenza-virus-transmission///

// (9) (2010). //"orthomyxovirus structure "//. (2010). [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/flucdc1.jpg (Influenza Virus Picture)

(10) (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.doctortipster.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/chillow_kid_fever.jpg

(11) (n.d.). Retrieved from http://robinbhattacharyya.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/muscle-pain.jpg

(12) (n.d.). Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Pharyngitis.jpg/230px-Pharyngitis.jpg

(13) (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.all2need.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Headache-Treatment.jpg