Smallpox

4th Period Virus Wiki Template =~ Introduction Section ~=

Smallpox (//Variola major/Variola minor)//




=~ Mechanisms Section ~=

Mode of infection/transmission

 * The virus can be transferred by direct contact with the vaccination site, or through contact with the fluid from the site, and also through sharing towels and sheets with infected people.


 * There have been no cases that were found where the disease was passed on though saliva or seminal fluids.


 * The virus can’t be passed on once it’s under the skin and the skin under the scab looks like the skin surrounding the vaccination site.

Replication method (lysogenic vs lytic cycle)

 * ====Lytic cycle====
 * Virus penetrates cell and injects DNA, then the viral DNA circularizes, and new viruses are made. Those viruses are released by the cell (the cell lyses), and that keeps repeating.


 * takes an average of 12 days to replicate (incubation period)


 * After incubation period, it enters the bloodstream and the body mobilizes the virus, causing symptoms

=~ Application Section ~=

Symptoms

 * Fever
 * Malaise
 * Head and Body Aches
 * Possible vomiting
 * Rash on tongue and in mouth
 * Rash develops into sores which break open
 * Rash appears on skin
 * Rash will become raised bumps within three days
 * Raised bumps will fill with pus and become pustules
 * Pustules will scab and eventually scabs will fall off leaving scars.

Treatments
There isn't a specific "cure" for smallpox, the best that can be done is taking anitbiotics for the symptoms, which could help to shorten the disease's period of affecting the person. It also helps to take antibodies that treat similar diseases

Currently if you contracted smallpox you and anyone close to you would be isolated so as to stop the disease from spreading. If smallpox is caught within the first 4 days, a person can be given the vaccine which may stop the disease for at least lessen the intensity.

Vaccine
The vaccine for smallpox contains a disease similar to smallpox but it isn't smallpox itself. It is a live virus, therefore it does cause some side affects. This vaccine is different than most vaccines because they don't use a hypodermic needle. This vaccine uses a bifurcated needle. This type of needle is two pronged and is dipped into the vaccine solution. This needle pricks a persons skin multiple times and after ward will cause a blister similar to the ones that you get when you contract small pox itself.

Sources //Centers for disease control and prevention//. (2011). Retrieved from [] Ornes, S. (2012). Retrieved from [] McNeil, D. G. (2007, February 7). //The new york times//. Retrieved from []

Smallpox//. (2006, January). Retrieved from []// Smallpox virus//. (2012). Retrieved from []// Smallpox viruses, coloured sem//. (n.d.). Retrieved from []// Postlethwait, J. H., & Hopson, J. L. (2006). Modern biology //. Austin, TX: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston. // Margaret, H. (2010, April 26). Dna virus replication //. Retrieved from http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/dna1.htm

//Smallpox//. (2006, January). Retrieved from http://www.cfr.org/weapons-of-terrorism/smallpox/p9554
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